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1.1a.1 Human-Centered Design

1.1a.2 Principles of Anthropometric Data

1.1a.3 Design Guidance

1.1b.1 Complexities of Psychological Design

1.1b.2 Principles of Psychological Factors

1.1b.3 Design Guidance

1.1c.1 Physical Characteristics in Design

1.1c.2 Principles of Physiological Factors

1.1c.3 Design Guidance

2.1.1 Challenges of Resource Management

2.1.2 Principles of Resources and Renewability

2.1.3 Design Considerations

2.2.1 Reducing Waste in Design

2.2.2 Principles of Waste Mitigation

2.2.3 Practical Design Considerations

2.3.1 Importance of Energy Efficiency

2.3.2 Principles of Energy Use and Distribution

2.3.3 Design Guidance

2.4.1 Importance of Clean Technology

2.4.2 Principles of Clean Technology

2.4.3 Design Guidance

2.5.1 Nature of Green Design

2.5.2 Principles of Green Design

2.5.3 Design Guidance

2.6.1 Environmental Responsibility in Design

2.6.2 Principles of Eco-Design

2.6.3 Design Guidance

3.1.1 Nature of Conceptual Modelling

3.1.2 Principles of Conceptual Modelling

3.1.3 Design Guidance

3.2.1 Nature of Graphical Modelling

3.2.2 Principles of Graphical Modelling

3.2.3 Design Guidance

3.3.1 Nature of Physical Modelling

3.3.2 Principles of Physical Modelling

3.3.3 Design Guidance

3.4.1 Nature of CAD in Design

3.4.2 Principles of CAD

3.4.3 Design Guidance

3.5.1 Role of Rapid Prototyping in Design

3.5.2 Principles of Rapid Prototyping

3.5.3 Design Guidance

4.1.1 Role of Material Properties in Design

4.1.2 Principles of Material Properties

4.1.3 Design Guidance

4.2a.1 Importance of Metals in Design

4.2a.2 Principles of Metals and Alloys

4.2a.3 Design Guidance

4.2b.1 Importance of Timber as a Material

4.2b.2 Principles of Timber

4.2b.3 Design Guidance

4.2c.1 Significance of Glass in Design

4.2c.2 Principles of Glass

4.2c.3 Design Guidance

4.2d.1 Importance of Plastics in Design

4.2d.2 Principles of Plastics

4.2d.3 Design Guidance

4.2e.1 Role of Textiles in Design

4.2e.2 Principles of Textiles

4.2e.3 Design Guidance

4.2f.1 Role of Composites in Design

4.2f.2 Principles of Composites

4.2f.3 Design Guidance

4.3.1 Importance of Scale in Manufacturing

4.3.2 Principles of Production Scales

4.3.3 Design Guidance

4.4.1 Role of Manufacturing in Design

4.4.2 Principles of Manufacturing Processes

4.4.3 Design Guidance

4.5.1 Importance of Production Systems

4.5.2 Principles of Production Systems

4.5.3 Design Guidance

4.6.1 Role of Robots in Modern Production

4.6.2 Principles of Robotic Systems

4.6.3 Design Guidance

5.1.1 Nature and Role of Invention

5.1.2 Principles of Invention

5.1.3 Design Guidance

5.2.1 Role of Innovation in the Marketplace

5.2.2 Principles of Innovation

5.2.3 Design Guidance

5.3.1 Driving Innovation Through Strategy

5.3.2 Principles of Innovation Strategies

5.3.3 Design Guidance

5.4.1 Role of Stakeholders in Innovation

5.4.2 Principles of Stakeholder Roles

5.4.3 Design Guidance

5.5.1 Importance of the Product Life Cycle

5.5.2 Principles of the Product Life Cycle

5.5.3 Design Guidance

5.6.1 Role of Human and Cultural Factors in Innovation

5.6.2 Principles of Innovation Adoption

5.6.3 Design Guidance

5.7.1 Importance of Specifications in Design

5.7.2 Principles of Marketing and Design

5.7.3 Design Guidance

6.1.1 Defining Classic Design

6.1.2 Principles of Classic Design

6.1.3 Design Guidance

6.2.1 Exploring Form and Function in Classic Design

6.2.2 Principles of Form and Function

6.2.3 Design Guidance

7.1.1 Role of UCD in the Design Cycle

7.1.2 Principles of UCD

7.1.3 Design Guidance

7.2.1 Importance of Usability in Design

7.2.2 Principles of Usability

7.2.3 Design Guidance

7.3.1 Role of User Research in Design

7.3.2 Principles of User Research Strategies

7.3.3 Design Guidance

7.4.1 Importance of UCD Strategies

7.4.2 Principles of UCD Strategies

7.4.3 Design Guidance

7.5.1 Emotional Connection in Design

7.5.2 Principles of Emotional Design

7.5.3 Design Guidance

8.1.1 Understanding Sustainable Development

8.1.2 Principles of Sustainable Development

8.1.3 Design Guidance

8.1.4 Impacts and Benefits of Sustainable Development

8.2.1 Principles of Sustainable Consumption

8.2.2 Consumer Advocacy and Media Influence

8.2.3 Design Guidance

8.3.1 Foundations of Sustainable Design

8.3.2 Principles of Sustainable Design

8.3.3 Design Guidance

8.4.1 Defining Sustainable Innovation

8.4.2 Principles of Sustainable Innovation

8.4.3 Design Guidance

9.1.1 Understanding Corporate Strategies

9.1.2 Types of Corporate Strategies

9.1.3 Design Guidance for Corporate Strategies

9.2.1 Overview of Market Sectors

9.2.2 Segmentation of Markets

9.2.3 Design Guidance for Market Sectors

9.3.1 Fundamentals of the Marketing Mix

9.3.2 Pricing and Promotion Strategies

9.3.3 Design Guidance for the Marketing Mix

9.4.1 Purpose and Role of Market Research

9.4.2 Application of Market Research Strategies

9.4.3 Design Guidance for Market Research

9.5.1 Fundamentals of Branding

9.5.2 Impacts of Branding

9.5.3 Design Guidance for Branding

10.1.1 Understanding JIT and JIC

10.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of JIT and JIC

10.2.1 Key Characteristics and Principles

10.2.2 Tools and Techniques in Lean Production

10.2.3 Benefits and Challenges

10.3.1 Understanding CIM

10.3.2 Applications of CIM

10.3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of CIM

10.4.1 Core Concepts of Quality Management

10.4.2 Tools and Strategies in Quality Management

10.4.3 Differences Between QC, SPC, and QA

10.5.1 Understanding Costs in Product Design

10.5.2 Pricing Strategies

10.5.3 Evaluating Economic Viability

IB Design Technology 3.3.2 Principles of Physical Modelling Flashcards

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These interactive flashcards help IB Design Technology (DT) students Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) quickly review and memorize the essential definitions, formulas, and terms needed for success in IB Exams.

Each card focuses on 3.3.2 Principles of Physical Modelling and is aligned with the IB Design Technology (DT) syllabus, ensuring focused revision on materials and processes, product design, and sustainability.

Students can test themselves anytime, anywhere, perfect for reinforcing tricky concepts, learning IB terminology, and committing formulas to memory.

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What are instrumented models?

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Physical or virtual prototypes equipped with sensors to collect performance data.

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3.3.2 Principles of Physical Modelling

1. Human factors and ergonomics

1.1a Anthropometrics3 subtopics

1.1b Psychological factors3 subtopics

1.1c Physiological factors3 subtopics

2. Resource management and sustainable production

2.1 Resources and reserves3 subtopics

2.2 Waste mitigation strategies3 subtopics

2.3 Energy utilization, storage and distribution3 subtopics

2.4 Clean technology3 subtopics

2.5 Green design3 subtopics

2.6 Eco-design3 subtopics

3. Modelling

3.1 Conceptual modelling3 subtopics

3.2 Graphical modelling3 subtopics

3.3 Physical modelling3 subtopics

3.4 Computer-aided design (CAD)3 subtopics

3.5 Rapid prototyping3 subtopics

4. Final production

4.1 Properties of materials3 subtopics

4.2a Metals and metallic alloys3 subtopics

4.2b Timber3 subtopics

4.2c Glass3 subtopics

4.2d Plastics3 subtopics

4.2e Textiles3 subtopics

4.2f Composites3 subtopics

4.3 Scales of production3 subtopics

4.4 Manufacturing processes3 subtopics

4.5 Production systems3 subtopics

4.6 Robots in automated production3 subtopics

5. Innovation and design

5.1 Invention3 subtopics

5.2 Innovation3 subtopics

5.3 Strategies for innovation3 subtopics

5.4 Stakeholders in invention and innovation3 subtopics

5.5 Product life cycle3 subtopics

5.6 Rogers’ characteristics of innovation and consumers3 subtopics

5.7 Innovation, design and marketing specifications3 subtopics

6. Classic design

6.1 Characteristics of classic design3 subtopics

6.2 Classic design, function and form3 subtopics

7. User-centered design (HL)

7.1 User-centred design (UCD)3 subtopics

7.2 Usability3 subtopics

7.3 Strategies for user research3 subtopics

7.4 Strategies for UCD3 subtopics

7.5 Beyond usability—designing for pleasure and emotion3 subtopics

8. Sustainability in design (HL)

8.1 Sustainable development4 subtopics

8.2 Sustainable consumption3 subtopics

8.3 Sustainable design3 subtopics

8.4 Sustainable innovation3 subtopics

9. Innovation and markets (HL)

9.1 Corporate strategies3 subtopics

9.2 Market sectors and segments3 subtopics

9.3 Marketing mix3 subtopics

9.4 Market research3 subtopics

9.5 Branding3 subtopics

10. Commercial production (HL)

10.1 Just in time (JIT) and just in case (JIC)2 subtopics

10.2 Lean production3 subtopics

10.3 Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)3 subtopics

10.4 Quality management3 subtopics

10.5 Economic viability3 subtopics