1.1 Perspectives

1.2 Systems

1.3 Sustainability

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

2.4 Climate and biomes

2.5 Zonation, succession and change in ecosystems

3.1 Biodiversity and evolution

3.2 Human impact on biodiversity

3.3 Conservation and regeneration

4.1 Water systems

4.2 Water access, use and security

4.3 Aquatic food production systems

4.4 Water pollution

5.1 Soil

5.2 Agriculture and food

6.2 Climate change - causes and impact

6.3 Climate change - mitigation and adaptation

6.4 Stratospheric ozone

7.1 Natural resources - uses and management

7.2 Energy sources - uses and management

7.3 Solid waste

8.1 Human populations

8.2 Urban systems and urban planning

8.3 Urban air pollution

HL.a Environmental law

HL.b Environmental economics

HL.c Environmental ethics