IB Psychology The Brain and Behavior Key Definitions

A substance that enhances or mimics the action of a neurotransmitter. It binds to the same receptors, amplifying the neurotransmitter’s effects.

A substance that inhibits the action of a neurotransmitter. It blocks or reduces neurotransmitter activity by binding to the receptors, dampening or stopping the signal.

Larger-scale reorganization of the brain’s cortical areas, often observed following damage or injury.

This perspective posits that certain complex processes, like memory or emotional responses, are not confined to one brain region but rather rely on the interaction of multiple areas.

A brain imaging technique that records electrical activity through electrodes on the scalp, with millisecond-level temporal resolution.

A brain imaging technique that tracks changes in blood oxygenation to identify which brain regions are active during a task.

The concept that specific brain regions are responsible for distinct psychological functions.

A brain imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed pictures of brain structure.

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to change its neural networks and function in response to environmental demands, learning experiences, or injury. These changes may lead to changes in behaviour. It occurs most rapidly in young children and is incredibly important for growth.

A chemical messenger produced and stored in neurons. It is released into the synaptic gap by the presynaptic neuron and helps transmit signals between neurons by binding to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

A brain imaging technique that uses a radioactive tracer to map metabolic or neurotransmitter activity in the brain.

The idea that a clear, direct relationship exists between a specific brain region and a particular function.

Changes occurring at the level of individual neurons through the formation or elimination of synaptic connections. This process is central to learning and memory.

While certain brain areas are dominant in performing specific functions, other regions can contribute or even take over when necessary.