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A - Unity and Diversity
A1.1 Water
A1.2 Nucleic acids
A2.1 Origins of cells (HL)
A2.2 Cell structure
A2.3 Viruses (HL)
A3.1 Diversity of organisms
A3.2 Classification and cladistics (HL)
A4.1 Evolution and speciation
A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity
B - Form and Function
B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids
B1.2 Proteins
B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport
B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization
B2.3 Cell specialization
B3.1 Gas exchange
B3.2 Transport
B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL)
B4.1 Adaptation to environment
B4.2 Ecological niches
C - Interaction and Interdependence
C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism
C1.2 Cell respiration
C1.3 Photosynthesis
C2.1 Chemical signalling (HL)
C2.2 Neural signalling
C3.1 Integration of body systems
C3.2 Defense against disease
C4.1 Populations and communities
C4.2 Transfer of energy and matter
D - Continuity and Change
D1.1 DNA replication
D1.2 Protein synthesis
D1.3 Mutations and gene editing
D2.1 Cell and nuclear division
D2.2 Gene expression (HL)
D2.3 Water potential
D3.1 Reproduction
D3.2 Inheritance
D3.3 Homeostasis
D4.1 Natural selection
D4.2 Sustainability and change
D4.3 Climate change
Browse summary cheatsheets for
B3.1.1 Gas exchange as a vital function in all organisms
6 minute read
B3.1.2 Properties of gas-exchange surfaces
8 minute read
B3.1.3 Maintenance of concentration gradients at exchange surfaces in animals
7 minute read
B3.1.4 Adaptations of mammalian lungs for gas exchange
B3.1.5 Ventilation of the lungs
B3.1.6 Measurement of lung volumes
B3.1.7 Adaptations for gas exchange in leaves
B3.1.8 Distribution of tissues in a leaf
B3.1.9 Transpiration as a consequence of gas exchange in a leaf
B3.1.10 Stomatal density
B3.1.11 Adaptations of foetal and adult haemoglobin for the transport of oxygen (HL)
5 minute read
B3.1.12 Bohr shift (HL)
B3.1.13 Oxygen dissociation curves (HL)
B3.1 Gas Exchange
