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A - Unity and Diversity
A1.1 Water
A1.2 Nucleic acids
A2.1 Origins of cells (HL)
A2.2 Cell structure
A2.3 Viruses (HL)
A3.1 Diversity of organisms
A3.2 Classification and cladistics (HL)
A4.1 Evolution and speciation
A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity
B - Form and Function
B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids
B1.2 Proteins
B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport
B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization
B2.3 Cell specialization
B3.1 Gas exchange
B3.2 Transport
B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL)
B4.1 Adaptation to environment
B4.2 Ecological niches
C - Interaction and Interdependence
C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism
C1.2 Cell respiration
C1.3 Photosynthesis
C2.1 Chemical signalling (HL)
C2.2 Neural signalling
C3.1 Integration of body systems
C3.2 Defense against disease
C4.1 Populations and communities
C4.2 Transfer of energy and matter
D - Continuity and Change
D1.1 DNA replication
D1.2 Protein synthesis
D1.3 Mutations and gene editing
D2.1 Cell and nuclear division
D2.2 Gene expression (HL)
D2.3 Water potential
D3.1 Reproduction
D3.2 Inheritance
D3.3 Homeostasis
D4.1 Natural selection
D4.2 Sustainability and change
D4.3 Climate change
Browse summary cheatsheets for
C1.1.1 Enzymes as catalysts
4 minute read
C1.1.2 Role of enzymes in metabolism
C1.1.3 Anabolic and catabolic reactions
7 minute read
C1.1.4 Enzymes as globular proteins with an active site for catalysis
3 minute read
C1.1.5 Interactions between substrate and active site to allow induced-fit binding
6 minute read
C1.1.6 Role of molecular motion and substrate-active site collisions in enzyme catalysis
5 minute read
C1.1.7 The structure of the active site, enzyme–substrate specificity and denaturation
C1.1.8 Effects of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme activity
C1.1.9 Measurements in enzyme-catalysed reactions
9 minute read
C1.1.10 Effect of enzymes on activation energy
C1.1.11 Intracellular and extracellular enzyme-catalysed reactions (HL)
C1.1.12 Generation of heat energy by the reactions of metabolism (HL)
C1.1.13 Cyclical and linear pathways in metabolism (HL)
C1.1.14 Allosteric sites and non-competitive inhibition (HL)
8 minute read
C1.1.15 Competitive inhibition (HL)
C1.1.16 Regulation of metabolic pathways by feedback inhibition (HL)
C1.1.17 Mechanism-based inhibition (HL)
C1.1 Enzymes and Metabolism
