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A - Unity and Diversity
A1.1 Water
A1.2 Nucleic acids
A2.1 Origins of cells (HL)
A2.2 Cell structure
A2.3 Viruses (HL)
A3.1 Diversity of organisms
A3.2 Classification and cladistics (HL)
A4.1 Evolution and speciation
A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity
B - Form and Function
B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids
B1.2 Proteins
B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport
B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization
B2.3 Cell specialization
B3.1 Gas exchange
B3.2 Transport
B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL)
B4.1 Adaptation to environment
B4.2 Ecological niches
C - Interaction and Interdependence
C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism
C1.2 Cell respiration
C1.3 Photosynthesis
C2.1 Chemical signalling (HL)
C2.2 Neural signalling
C3.1 Integration of body systems
C3.2 Defense against disease
C4.1 Populations and communities
C4.2 Transfer of energy and matter
D - Continuity and Change
D1.1 DNA replication
D1.2 Protein synthesis
D1.3 Mutations and gene editing
D2.1 Cell and nuclear division
D2.2 Gene expression (HL)
D2.3 Water potential
D3.1 Reproduction
D3.2 Inheritance
D3.3 Homeostasis
D4.1 Natural selection
D4.2 Sustainability and change
D4.3 Climate change
Browse summary cheatsheets for
B4.2.1 Ecological niche as the role of a species in an ecosystem
5 minute read
B4.2.2 Organisms that are obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes and obligate aerobes
4 minute read
B4.2.3 Photosynthesis as the mode of nutrition
B4.2.4 Holozoic nutrition in animals
8 minute read
B4.2.5 Mixotrophic nutrition in some protists
B4.2.6 Saprotrophic nutrition in some fungi and bacteria
B4.2.7 Diversity of nutrition in archaea
B4.2.8 Dentition and the diet of omnivorous and herbivorous members of the family Hominidae
6 minute read
B4.2.9 Adaptations of herbivores for feeding on plants and of plants for resisting herbivory
9 minute read
B4.2.10 Adaptations of predators
B4.2.11 Adaptations of plant form for harvesting light
B4.2.12 Fundamental and realized niches
B4.2.13 Competitive exclusion and the uniqueness of ecological niches
B4.2 Ecological Niches
