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A - Unity and Diversity
A1.1 Water
A1.2 Nucleic acids
A2.1 Origins of cells (HL)
A2.2 Cell structure
A2.3 Viruses (HL)
A3.1 Diversity of organisms
A3.2 Classification and cladistics (HL)
A4.1 Evolution and speciation
A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity
B - Form and Function
B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids
B1.2 Proteins
B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport
B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization
B2.3 Cell specialization
B3.1 Gas exchange
B3.2 Transport
B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL)
B4.1 Adaptation to environment
B4.2 Ecological niches
C - Interaction and Interdependence
C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism
C1.2 Cell respiration
C1.3 Photosynthesis
C2.1 Chemical signalling (HL)
C2.2 Neural signalling
C3.1 Integration of body systems
C3.2 Defense against disease
C4.1 Populations and communities
C4.2 Transfer of energy and matter
D - Continuity and Change
D1.1 DNA replication
D1.2 Protein synthesis
D1.3 Mutations and gene editing
D2.1 Cell and nuclear division
D2.2 Gene expression (HL)
D2.3 Water potential
D3.1 Reproduction
D3.2 Inheritance
D3.3 Homeostasis
D4.1 Natural selection
D4.2 Sustainability and change
D4.3 Climate change
Browse summary cheatsheets for
C1.3.1 Transformation of light energy to chemical energy
5 minute read
C1.3.2 Conversion of carbon dioxide to glucose in photosynthesis
4 minute read
C1.3.3 Oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis
C1.3.4 Separation and identification of photosynthetic pigments by chromatography
10 minute read
C1.3.5 Absorption of specific wavelengths of light by photosynthetic pigments
7 minute read
C1.3.6 Similarities and differences of absorption and action spectra
8 minute read
C1.3.7 The effects of limiting factors on the rate of photosynthesis
C1.3.8 Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments
12 minute read
C1.3.9 Photosystems (HL)
6 minute read
C1.3.10 Advantages of the structured array of different types of pigment molecules (HL)
C1.3.11 Generation of oxygen by the photolysis of water in photosystem II (HL)
C1.3.12 ATP production by chemiosmosis in thylakoids (HL)
C1.3.13 Reduction of NADP by photosystem I (HL)
C1.3.14 Thylakoids as systems for performing the light-dependent photosynthesis reactions (HL)
C1.3.15 Carbon fixation by Rubisco (HL)
C1.3.16 Synthesis of triose phosphate using reduced NADP and ATP (HL)
C1.3.17 Regeneration of RuBP in the Calvin cycle using ATP (HL)
C1.3.18 Synthesis of carbohydrates, amino acids and other carbon compounds (HL)
C1.3.19 Interdependence of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions (HL)
