A - Unity and Diversity
A1.1 Water
A1.2 Nucleic acids
A2.1 Origins of cells (HL)
A2.2 Cell structure
A2.3 Viruses (HL)
A3.1 Diversity of organisms
A3.2 Classification and cladistics (HL)
A4.1 Evolution and speciation
A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity
B - Form and Function
B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids
B1.2 Proteins
B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport
B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization
B2.3 Cell specialization
B3.1 Gas exchange
B3.2 Transport
B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL)
B4.1 Adaptation to environment
B4.2 Ecological niches
C - Interaction and Interdependence
C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism
C1.2 Cell respiration
C1.3 Photosynthesis
C2.1 Chemical signalling (HL)
C2.2 Neural signalling
C3.1 Integration of body systems
C3.2 Defense against disease
C4.1 Populations and communities
C4.2 Transfer of energy and matter
D - Continuity and Change
D1.1 DNA replication
D1.2 Protein synthesis
D1.3 Mutations and gene editing
D2.1 Cell and nuclear division
D2.2 Gene expression (HL)
D2.3 Water potential
D3.1 Reproduction
D3.2 Inheritance
D3.3 Homeostasis
D4.1 Natural selection
D4.2 Sustainability and change
D4.3 Climate change
Browse summary cheatsheets for
D2.1.1 Generation of new cells in living organisms by cell division
6 minute read
D2.1.2 Cytokinesis as splitting of cytoplasm in a parent cell between daughter cells
8 minute read
D2.1.3 Equal and unequal cytokinesis
9 minute read
D2.1.4 Roles of mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes
D2.1.5 DNA replication as a prerequisite for both mitosis and meiosis
3 minute read
D2.1.6 Condensation and movement of chromosomes as shared features of mitosis and meiosis
D2.1.7 Phases of mitosis
7 minute read
D2.1.8 Identification of phases of mitosis
D2.1.9 Meiosis as a reduction division
10 minute read
D2.1.10 Down syndrome and non-disjunction
D2.1.11 Meiosis as a source of variation
5 minute read
D2.1.12 Cell proliferation for growth, cell replacement and tissue repair (HL)
D2.1.13 Phases of the cell cycle (HL)
D2.1.14 Cell growth during interphase (HL)
D2.1.15 Control of the cell cycle using cyclins (HL)
D2.1.16 Consequences of mutations in genes that control the cell cycle (HL)
D2.1.17 Differences between tumours (HL)
D2.1 Cell and Nuclear Division
